Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes called short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is a kind of double stranded RNA molecule with a length of 20-25 bp, similar to miRNA, and operates in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. It interferes with the post-transcriptional degradation of mRNA of specific genes expressing complementary nucleotide sequences, thereby preventing translation. SiRNA synthesis is the simplest method for the body or cells to achieve gene silencing, with high transfection efficiency, minimal toxic side effects on cells or tissues, and the ability to prepare on a large scale. It is particularly suitable for screening effective siRNA fragments when gene target sites are uncertain. SiRNA has irreplaceable advantages in fields such as gene function research, drug targeting, and drug screening.